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NestJS Microservices: Building Big by Thinking Small
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Microservices architecture is a design paradigm that divides complicated programs into smaller, loosely linked services that may be created, deployed and maintained independently. NestJS is a popular Node.js framework for developing scalable and maintainable server-side applications, such as microservices.
Microservices divide huge applications into smaller, self-contained services.
Each microservice is responsible for a certain function and communicates with the others.
Microservices may be independently designed, deployed, and maintained.
it includes the following steps:
Project Setup: NestJS allows you to structure your application into modules. Each microservice requires its module. This helps to encapsulate each service's functionality and dependencies.
Module Organization:NestJS allows you to structure your application into modules. Each microservice requires its module. This helps to encapsulate each service's functionality and dependencies.
Communication: Microservices interact with one another using HTTP, TCP, or message brokers such as RabbitMQ, Kafka, and others. To manage communication between microservices, NestJS provides the @nestjs/microservices package. TCP, Redis, NATS, and other transporters are available.
Service Implementation: Each microservice's business logic should be implemented in its module. Examples include controllers, services, and data models. NestJS's dependency injection makes it easy to manage service dependencies within each module.
Service Discovery: Services in a microservices architecture must discover and communicate with one another. For service discovery, tools such as Consul and Eureka can be utilized. Alternatively, cloud systems such as Kubernetes provide service discovery.
Load Balancing: Microservices sometimes require load balancing to distribute incoming requests evenly among service instances. This may be handled by tools such as Kubernetes or load balancers.
Error Handling and Resilience: Because microservices can fail on their own, you must include error handling and resilience techniques. Circuit breakers, retries, and timeouts are all critical topics to understand.
Data Management: Databases may be required to interface with microservices. Depending on your design and data requirements, each microservice might have its database or share databases with other microservices.
Security: For each microservice, implement security procedures like authentication and authorization. API Gateways can also serve as a centralized point of contact for external customers.
Monitoring and Logging: Implement monitoring and logging to track each microservice's health and performance. Tools such as Prometheus, Grafana, and the ELK stack can be beneficial.
Deployment and Scalability: Deploy each microservice separately. Containerization with Docker and orchestration with Kubernetes can make deployment and scaling easier.
NestJS is a popular Node.js framework for developing microservices.
Its modular design and dependency injection technology encourage clean, maintainable code.
NestJS has built-in capabilities for inter-service communication, such as @nestjs/microservices.
npm install -g @nestjs/cli
You will build a new NestJS application. To create a new application, use the Nest CLI:
nest new microservice-name
cd microservice-name
Make a new module for your microservice. This is where you will define controllers, services, and other microservice-specific components:
nest generate module module-name
Create a controller within your module to manage incoming requests to your microservice:
nest generate controller controller-name
Create a service that contains your microservice's business logic. Services are used to carry out tasks and communicate with other components
nest generate service service-name
Use @nestjs/microservices module for communication between microservices, setting appropriate transporters and communication patterns.
Bootstrap your microservice in the src/main.ts file.
import { NestFactory } from '@nestjs/core';
import { AppModule } from './app.module';
import { Transport } from '@nestjs/microservices';
async function bootstrap() {
const app = await NestFactory.createMicroservice(AppModule, {
transport: Transport.TCP,
options: { port: 3000 }, // Change the port as needed
});
await app.listen();
}
bootstrap();
npm run start
NestJS enables application module structure, encapsulating microservice functionality and dependencies.
nest new user-service
cd user-service
nest generate module users
//This will encapsulate the functionality and dependencies
nest generate controller users
nest generate service users
Open the users.controller.ts file in the src/users
//src/users/users.controller.ts
import { Controller, Get } from '@nestjs/common';
import { UsersService } from './users.service';
@Controller('users')
export class UsersController {
constructor(private readonly usersService: UsersService) {}
@Get()
getUsers() {
return this.usersService.getAllUsers();
}
}
import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
@Injectable()
export class UsersService {
private users = [
{ id: 1, name: 'Alice' },
{ id: 2, name: 'Bob' },
];
getAllUsers() {
return this.users;
}
}
//src/users/users.module.ts
import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
import { UsersController } from './users.controller';
import { UsersService } from './users.service';
@Module({
controllers: [UsersController],
providers: [UsersService],
exports: [UsersService],
})
export class UsersModule {}
//src/main.ts
import { NestFactory } from '@nestjs/core';
import { UsersModule } from './users/users.module';
async function bootstrap() {
const app = await NestFactory.createMicroservice(UsersModule);
await app.listen();
}
bootstrap();
npm run start
Building microservices requires careful planning, considering application requirements, and designing architecture and infrastructure based on specific use cases and business needs.
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