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Building High-Performance APIs with Python's FastAPI
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FastAPI is a modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs with Python 3.6+ based on standard Python type hints. It is designed to be easy to use and easy to learn, while also providing the performance of asynchronous code. In this blog, we'll explore the key features of FastAPI, its benefits, and how to build a simple RESTful API using this framework.
FastAPI is quickly becoming the go-to choice for developers when building APIs for several reasons:
High Performance:
Ease of Use:
Type Safety:
Asynchronous Capabilities:
Automatic Validation:
Before you start building your API, you need to install FastAPI and an ASGI server, such as Uvicorn, to run your application.
pip install fastapi uvicorn
Let's start by creating a simple API that allows users to perform CRUD operations on a list of items.
Step 1: Import FastAPI and Create an Instance
from fastapi import FastAPI
app = FastAPI()
Step 2: Define a Pydantic Model for Your Data
from pydantic import BaseModel
class Item(BaseModel):
name: str
description: str = None
price: float
tax: float = None
Step 3: Create In-Memory Storage for Items
items = {}
Step 4: Define the API Endpoints
@app.post("/items/", response_model=Item)
async def create_item(item: Item):
item_id = len(items) + 1
items[item_id] = item
return item
@app.get("/items/{item_id}", response_model=Item)
async def read_item(item_id: int):
return items[item_id]
@app.put("/items/{item_id}", response_model=Item)
async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item):
items[item_id] = item
return item
@app.delete("/items/{item_id}")
async def delete_item(item_id: int):
del items[item_id]
return {"message": "Item deleted successfully"}
Step 5: Run Your Application
To run the application, use the Uvicorn server:
uvicorn main:app --reload
Visit http://127.0.0.1:8000 in your browser. You will see the automatically generated interactive API documentation at http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs.
FastAPI offers several advanced features that make it a powerful tool for API development:
Dependency Injection:
Background Tasks:
OAuth2 and JWT Authentication:
CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing):
Middleware:
Let's enhance our API by adding a simple dependency that provides a database session.
from fastapi import Depends
from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
from database import SessionLocal, engine, Base
# Dependency
def get_db():
db = SessionLocal()
try:
yield db
finally:
db.close()
@app.post("/items/", response_model=Item)
async def create_item(item: Item, db: Session = Depends(get_db)):
db_item = ItemModel(**item.dict())
db.add(db_item)
db.commit()
db.refresh(db_item)
return db_item
Feel free to explore FastAPI's extensive documentation to discover more features and best practices. Happy coding!